Placebos are not normally used in clinical trials for patients with cancer or other serious conditions. Instead of using a placebo, these clinical trials use a standard treatment. A standard treatment is the approved drug that is currently used to treat the disease and considered to be the most effective option available. So, patients receive either the new treatment or the standard treatment. Placebos are used in cases where there is no standard treatment for a condition. A placebo is designed to look the same as the drug being tested (but it does not contain any medicine).
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